{"id":123162,"date":"2018-10-10T08:47:46","date_gmt":"2018-10-10T00:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/?p=123162"},"modified":"2018-10-08T08:49:28","modified_gmt":"2018-10-08T00:49:28","slug":"multicast-broadcast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/multicast-broadcast.html","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\uff087\uff09-\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u591a\u64adIGMP\u534f\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u5355\u64ad\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5934\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6765 \u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u5361\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff08\u4e0d\u662fFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5177\u6709\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5355\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u5411\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7f51 \u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u548c\u81ea\u5df1MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e7f\u64ad\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982A\u7c7b\u7f51\u5740\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5c31\u662f netid.255.255.255\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5219\u662fnetid.netid.subnetid.255\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\uff08B\u7c7bIP\uff09\u5219\u662f\u5219\u662f netid.netid.255.255\u3002\u5e7f\u64ad\u6240\u7528\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7f51\u5361\u53ea\u8981\u628a MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3aFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765ARP\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeRIP\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ee5\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u64ad\u53d1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5e7f\u64ad\u662f\u591a\u64ad\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff08\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64ad\u53d1\u8303\u56f4\u4f1a\u5c0f\u4e00\u4e9b(\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u64ad\u53d1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5c0f)\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\uff0c\u4f8b \u598201-00-00-00-00-00\u3002\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662fD\u7c7bIP\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255\u3002
\n\u7136\u591a\u64ad\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u8fdb\u884cMAC\u5730\u5740\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5361\u5728\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64adIP\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5 \u5b9a\u8fd8\u8981\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5355\u64ad\u90a3\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7684IP\u548c\u591a\u64adMAC\u5730\u5740\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5bf9\u591a\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002
\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u5e7f\u64ad\u548c\u591a\u64ad\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5230\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7f51\u5361\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u62ff\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6253\u7b97\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u591a \u64ad\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64adIP\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7f51\u5361\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u591a\u64admac\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad ip\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7f51\u5361\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5e26\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u64admac\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u76d1\u542c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\uff0c\u662f\u8ba9\u4e3b\u673a \u7684\u5185\u6838\u8f7b\u677e\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u7d2f\u70b9\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u8981ping\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u822c\u7684ip\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u9996\u5148\u6211ping\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a: IGMP\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u8fd8\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u5c31\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u5361\u8fc7\u6ee4\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u77e5\u9053\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u65f6\u7684\u53d1\u9001IGMP\u67e5\u8be2\uff0cIGMP\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e66\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u8981\u6839\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u56de\u590d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u53d1\u9001\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u539f\u6587\u6765\u81ea\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/fengzanfeng\/articles\/1339347.html<\/a><\/p>\n
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255<\/span>
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211ping\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5462\uff1f\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b
\nReply from 192.168.11.9: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.174: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
\nReply from 192.168.11.174: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
\nReply from 192.168.11.174: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
\nReply from 192.168.11.218: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64
\nReply from 192.168.11.174: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64<\/span>
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0cping\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u7684ip\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bip\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684ip\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7ed9\u5904\u4e8e\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709ip\u53d1\u4fe1\u3002
\n\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u597d\u5229\u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f
\n1. 224.0.0.1--\u8be5\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u3002
\n2. 224.0.0.2--\u8be5\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002
\n3. 224.0.1.1--\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u534f\u8baeNTP\u4e13\u7528IP\u3002
\n4. 224.0.0.9--RIPv2\u4e13\u7528IP
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981ping\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2aIP\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211ping 224.0.0.2\u3002
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255
\nReply from 192.168.11.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255<\/span>
\n\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u56deping\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aip\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86224.0.0.2\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u591a\u64ad(\u7ec4\u64ad)\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u67e5\u8be2\u56de\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684TTL\u4e00\u822c\u662f1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u51fa\u9519\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751fICMP\u5dee\u9519\uff08\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n