{"id":134438,"date":"2019-01-22T09:37:59","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T01:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/?p=134438"},"modified":"2019-01-21T16:39:30","modified_gmt":"2019-01-21T08:39:30","slug":"igmp-tcpip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/igmp-tcpip.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6700\u5168\u9762\u7684IGMP\u534f\u8bae\u603b\u7ed3\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 5px 12px; width: 25px; font-size: 22px; text-align: center; background: #E8E8E8; line-height: 30px; color: #999;\">\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 10px 12px; line-height: 20px;\"><strong>IGMP\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u662fTCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e2d\u8d1f\u8d23IP\u7ec4\u64ad\u6210\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5728IP\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u4e0e\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: white; background-color: black; border-left: red 10px solid; padding-left: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001IGMP \u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol)\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u662fTCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e2d\u8d1f\u8d23IP\u7ec4\u64ad\u6210\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5728IP\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u4e0e\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-134439 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-55.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-55.jpg 600w, https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-55-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><br \/>\n\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0cIGMP \u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>IGMPv1(\u7531RFC 1112 \u5b9a\u4e49)<br \/>\nIGMPv2(\u7531RFC 2236 \u5b9a\u4e49)<br \/>\nIGMPv3(\u7531RFC 3376 \u5b9a\u4e49)<br \/>\n\u6240\u6709\u7248\u672c\u7684IGMP \u90fd\u652f\u6301ASM(Any-Source Multicast\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4fe1\u6e90\u7ec4\u64ad)\u6a21\u578b;IGMPv3 \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eSSM(Source-Specific Multicast\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6e90\u7ec4\u64ad)\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800cIGMPv1 \u548cIGMPv2 \u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728IGMP SSM Mapping \u6280\u672f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eSSM \u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: white; background-color: black; border-left: red 10px solid; padding-left: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001IGMP \u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/div>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em\"><span style=\"color:#1E1E1E;letter-spacing: 2px;border-left:#FF3030 3px solid;border-right:#FF3030 3px solid;padding-left: 8px;padding-right:8px;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>1. IGMPv1 \u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>IGMPv1 \u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u6709\u591a\u53f0\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u4ece\u4e3b\u673a\u90a3\u91cc\u6536\u5230IGMP \u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587(Membership Report Message)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001IGMP \u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587(Query Message)\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5668(Querier)\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7531\u54ea\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3aIGMP\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eIGMPv1 \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae(\u5982PIM)\u9009\u4e3e\u51fa\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u53d1\u8005DR(Designated Router\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668)\u4f5c\u4e3aIGMP \u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u3002<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-134440 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-56.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"265\" \/><br \/>\n\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbeHost B\u4e0eHost C\u60f3\u8981\u6536\u5230\u53d1\u5f80\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4G1 \u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800cHost A\u60f3\u8981\u6536\u5230\u53d1\u5f80\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4G2 \u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53caIGMP\u67e5\u8be2\u5668(Router B)\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1)\u4e3b\u673a\u5c06\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u9001IGMP \u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u5230\u5176\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85IGMP\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684IGMP \u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587;<\/p>\n<p>2)IGMP \u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u4ee5\u7ec4\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5411\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001IGMP \u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587(\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a224.0.0.1);<\/p>\n<p>3)\u5728\u6536\u5230\u8be5\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8G1 \u7684Host B \u4e0eHost C \u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00(\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8c01\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u5148\u8d85\u65f6)\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982Host B \u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u4ee5\u7ec4\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411G1 \u53d1\u9001IGMP \u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ba3\u544a\u5176\u5c5e\u4e8eG1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u80fd\u6536\u5230Host B \u53d1\u5f80G1 \u7684\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53Host C \u6536\u5230\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u540c\u6837\u9488\u5bf9G1\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aIGMP \u8def\u7531\u5668(Router A\u548cRouter B)\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6709\u5bf9G1 \u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684IGMP \u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u62a5\u544a\u6291\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u91cf;<\/p>\n<p>4)\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eHost A \u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662fG2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4ecd\u5c06\u4ee5\u7ec4\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411G2 \u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ba3\u544a\u5176\u5c5e\u4e8eG2;<\/p>\n<p>5)\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0cIGMP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6709G1 \u548cG2 \u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7531\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae(\u5982PIM)\u751f\u6210(*\uff0cG1)\u548c(*\uff0cG2)\u7ec4\u64ad\u8f6c\u53d1\u9879\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u201c*\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u610f\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90;<\/p>\n<p>6)\u5f53\u7531\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u53d1\u5f80G1 \u6216G2 \u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5230\u8fbeIGMP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eIGMP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728(*\uff0cG1)\u548c(*\uff0cG2)\u7ec4\u64ad\u8f6c\u53d1\u9879\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u4e3b\u673a\u4fbf\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>IGMPv1 \u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u5b9a\u4e49\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u5f53\u8fd0\u884cIGMPv1 \u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u79bb\u5f00\u67d0\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411\u5176\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u5f53\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\u540e\uff0cIGMP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u53d1\u5f80\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u4e8e\u662fIGMP \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u8f6c\u53d1\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em\"><span style=\"color:#1E1E1E;letter-spacing: 2px;border-left:#FF3030 3px solid;border-right:#FF3030 3px solid;padding-left: 8px;padding-right:8px;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>2. IGMPv2 \u7684\u6539\u8fdb<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>\u4e0eIGMPv1 \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cIGMPv2 \u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u9009\u4e3e\u673a\u5236\u548c\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec4\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u9009\u4e3e\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p>\u5728IGMPv1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u5171\u4eab\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae(\u5982PIM)\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5145\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728IGMPv2 \u4e2d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u9009\u4e3e\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709IGMPv2 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u65f6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001IGMP \u666e\u904d\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2(General Query)\u62a5\u6587(\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a224.0.0.1);<br \/>\n\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u5b83IGMPv2 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5728\u6536\u5230\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c IP \u5730\u5740\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\uff0c \u5176\u5b83\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u67e5\u8be2\u5668(Non-Querier);<br \/>\n\u6240\u6709\u975e\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668(\u5373\u5176\u5b83\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668Other Querier Present Timer)\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u8d85\u65f6\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u7684IGMP \u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u7f6e\u8be5\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668;\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u539f\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8d77\u65b0\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<br \/>\n(2) \u79bb\u5f00\u7ec4\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p>\u5728IGMPv1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u8d85\u65f6\u6765\u83b7\u77e5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u79bb\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728IGMPv2 \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u79bb\u5f00\u67d0\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u5411\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u5668(\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a224.0.0.2)\u53d1\u9001\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec4(Leave Group)\u62a5\u6587;<br \/>\n\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c \u5411\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u6240\u58f0\u660e\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u53d1\u9001\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2(Group-Specific Query)\u62a5\u6587(\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\u5b57\u6bb5\u5747\u586b\u5145\u4e3a\u6240\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u5730\u5740);<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u8fd8\u6709\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6536\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4(Max Response Time)\u5185\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587;<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6700\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u5176\u5b83\u6210\u5458\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb;\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5668\u5c06\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u5df2\u65e0\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em\"><span style=\"color:#1E1E1E;letter-spacing: 2px;border-left:#FF3030 3px solid;border-right:#FF3030 3px solid;padding-left: 8px;padding-right:8px;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>3. IGMPv3 \u7684\u6539\u8fdb<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>IGMPv3 \u5728\u517c\u5bb9\u548c\u7ee7\u627fIGMPv1 \u548cIGMPv2 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u4e3b\u673a\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u589e\u5f3a<\/p>\n<p>IGMPv3 \u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6a21\u5f0f(INCLUDE\/EXCLUDE)\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u67d0\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4G\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u63a5\u6536\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u6765\u81ea\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90S\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5f53\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u8981\u6c42\u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5982S1\u3001S2\u3001\u2026\u2026\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aINCLUDE Sources(S1\uff0cS2\uff0c\u2026\u2026);<br \/>\n\u82e5\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5982S1\u3001S2\u3001\u2026\u2026\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aEXCLUDE Sources(S1\uff0cS2\uff0c\u2026\u2026)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-134441 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-57.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-57.jpg 337w, https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-57-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/><br \/>\n\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728Source 1(S1)\u548cSource 2(S2)\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\uff0c\u5747\u5411\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4G\u53d1\u9001\u7ec4\u64ad\u62a5\u6587\u3002Host B\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4eceSource1 \u53d1\u5f80G\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6765\u81eaSource 2 \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662fIGMPv1 \u6216IGMPv2\uff0cHost B \u52a0\u5165\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4G \u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u8bbaHost B \u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6765\u81eaSource 1 \u548cSource 2 \u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5c06\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Host B\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86IGMPv3 \u4e4b\u540e\uff0cHost B \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81eaSource 1\u3001\u53d1\u5f80G \u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f(S1\uff0cG)\uff0c\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u62d2\u7edd\u6765\u81eaSource 2\u3001\u53d1\u5f80G \u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f(S2\uff0cG)\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6765\u81eaSource 1 \u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u80fd\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Host B \u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u589e\u5f3a<\/p>\n<p>a. \u643a\u5e26\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n<p>IGMPv3 \u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301IGMPv1 \u7684\u666e\u904d\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2\u548cIGMPv2 \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6e90\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u904d\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u643a\u5e26\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u643a\u5e26\u6e90\u5730\u5740;<br \/>\n\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u643a\u5e26\u6e90\u5730\u5740;<br \/>\n\u7279\u5b9a\u6e90\u7ec4\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u643a\u5e26\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd8\u643a\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3002<br \/>\nb. \u5305\u542b\u591a\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n<p>IGMPv3 \u62a5\u544a\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a224.0.0.22\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u643a\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u5217\u8868\u3002\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>IS_IN\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u4e0e\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3aINCLUDE\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u53d1\u5f80\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\nIS_EX\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u4e0e\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3aEXCLUDE\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u53d1\u5f80\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\nTO_IN\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u4e0e\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7531EXCLUDE \u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3aINCLUDE\u3002<br \/>\nTO_EX\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u4e0e\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7531INCLUDE \u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3aEXCLUDE\u3002<br \/>\nALLOW\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u63a5\u6536\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3aINCLUDE\uff0c\u5219\u5411\u73b0\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90;\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3aEXCLUDE\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u3002<br \/>\nBLOCK\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u63a5\u6536\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3aINCLUDE\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90;\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3aEXCLUDE\uff0c\u5219\u5411\u73b0\u6709\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em\"><span style=\"color:#1E1E1E;letter-spacing: 2px;border-left:#FF3030 3px solid;border-right:#FF3030 3px solid;padding-left: 8px;padding-right:8px;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>4. \u7ec4\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5bf9\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ec4\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) ASM \u6a21\u578b\uff1aAny-Source Multicast\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4fe1\u6e90\u7ec4\u64ad<\/p>\n<p>\u5728ASM \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5411\u67d0\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f17\u591a\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5165\u7531\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u53d1\u5f80\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728ASM \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u95f4\u52a0\u5165\u6216\u79bb\u5f00\u8be5\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(2) SFM \u6a21\u578b\uff1aSource-Filtered Multicast\uff0c\u4fe1\u6e90\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7ec4\u64ad<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86ASM \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002SFM \u6a21\u578b\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5bf9ASM \u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728SFM \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bf9\u6536\u5230\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u6765\u81ea\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ece\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u88ab\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b5b\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(3) SSM \u6a21\u578b\uff1aSource-Specific Multicast\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6e90\u7ec4\u64ad<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u6536\u5176\u5b83\u6e90\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SSM \u6a21\u578b\u4e0eASM \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1aSSM \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5b83\u624b\u6bb5\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002SSM \u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0eASM\/SFM \u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u4e0e\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u8f6c\u53d1\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:1em\"><span style=\"color:#1E1E1E;letter-spacing: 2px;border-left:#FF3030 3px solid;border-right:#FF3030 3px solid;padding-left: 8px;padding-right:8px;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>5. IP\u7ec4\u64ad<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>(1) \u5bf9\u4e8eIP \u7ec4\u64ad\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0b\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u5c06\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u54ea\u91cc?\u5373\u7ec4\u64ad\u5bfb\u5740\u673a\u5236;<br \/>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u63a5\u6536\u8005?\u5373\u4e3b\u673a\u6ce8\u518c;<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u606f?\u5373\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u53d1\u73b0;<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u8f93?\u5373\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u3002<br \/>\n(2) IP \u7ec4\u64ad\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7ec4\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5bfb\u5740\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u7ec4\u63a5\u6536\u8005;<br \/>\n\u4e3b\u673a\u6ce8\u518c\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u4e3b\u673a\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u5165\u548c\u79bb\u5f00\u67d0\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7ec4\u64ad\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7ba1\u7406;<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u7ec4\u64ad\u62a5\u6587\u5206\u53d1\u6811(\u5373\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6811\u578b\u8f6c\u53d1\u8def\u5f84)\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5206\u53d1\u6811\u5c06\u62a5\u6587\u4ece\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u8005;<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u64ad\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u652f\u6301\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b49\u7ec4\u64ad\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0cTCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u7ec4\u64ad\u6e90\u548c\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373IP \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5c06IP \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u7ec4\u64adMAC \u5730\u5740\u3002<br \/>\n(3) IP \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<p>IANA(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7f16\u53f7\u5206\u914d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a)\u5c06D\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u7ed9IPv4\u7ec4\u64ad\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u4ece224.0.0.0\u5230239.255.255.255\u3002<br \/>\n\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u523b\u52a0\u5165\u6216\u79bb\u5f00\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u3002<br \/>\nGLOP \u662f\u4e00\u79cdAS(Autonomous System\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c06AS \u53f7\u586b\u5165\u8be5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aAS \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230255 \u4e2a\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u5173GLOP \u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1RFC 2770\u3002<br \/>\n(4) \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7ec4\u64adMAC \u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u64adIP \u62a5\u6587\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u76ee\u7684MAC \u5730\u5740\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684MAC \u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u7ec4\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u64adMAC \u5730\u5740\u3002<br \/>\nIANA\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0cIPv4 \u7ec4\u64adMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9ad824 \u4f4d\u4e3a0x01005E\uff0c\u7b2c25 \u4f4d\u4e3a0\uff0c\u4f4e23 \u4f4d\u4e3aIPv4 \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4f4e23 \u4f4d\u3002<br \/>\n\u7531\u4e8eIPv4 \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9ad84 \u4f4d\u662f1110\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u64ad\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4f4e28 \u4f4d\u4e2d\u53ea\u670923 \u4f4d\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230IPv4 \u7ec4\u64adMAC \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837IPv4 \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u5c31\u67095 \u4f4d\u4fe1\u606f\u4e22\u5931\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u670932 \u4e2aIPv4 \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aIPv4 \u7ec4\u64adMAC \u5730\u5740\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e8c\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e9b\u672cIPv4 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\u7ec4\u64ad\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7ec4\u64ad\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ec4\u64ad\u534f\u8bae\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7ec4\u64ad\u534f\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ecIGMP Snooping\u3001\u7ec4\u64adVLAN \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u4e09\u5c42\u7ec4\u64ad\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5c42\u7ec4\u64ad\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u62ec\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7ec4\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p>a. \u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u4e0e\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u7ec4\u64ad\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8baeIGMP\uff0c\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u4e09\u5c42\u7ec4\u64ad\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ec4\u64ad\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>b. 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