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\n\/usr \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u5e93\u3001man\u9875\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u822c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\n\/usr \u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6709 \u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5141\u8bb8\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4(\/usr \u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u662f\u6570\u767e\u5146)\uff0c\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406 (\u5f53\u5347\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e3b\/usr \u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668) \u5373\u4f7f\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u672c\u5730\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfbmount\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u635f \u574f\u3002
\n\/var \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982spool\u76ee\u5f55(mail\u3001news\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7b49\u7528\u7684)\uff0c log\u6587\u4ef6\u3001 formatted manual pages\u548c\u6682\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\/var \u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u66fe\u5728 \/usr \u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\/usr \u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u8bfb\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u3002
\n\/home \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\/home \u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728 \/home \u4e0b\u52a0\u4e00\u7ea7\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\/home\/students \u3001\/home\/staff \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\/Etc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/div>\n
\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c \u5e76\u9605\u8bfb\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684man\u9875\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5728\/etc\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\/etc\/rc\u6216\/etc\/rc.d\u6216\/etc\/rc?.d\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u65f6\u8fd0 \u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6216\u811a\u672c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
2\u3001\/etc\/passwd\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u57df\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8d77\u59cb\u76ee \u5f55\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u53e3\u4ee4\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
3\u3001\/etc\/fdprm\uff1a\u8f6f\u76d8\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f6f\u76d8\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u7528setfdprm\u8fdb \u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u89c1setfdprm\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u9875\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
4\u3001\/etc\/fstab\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7528swapon -a\u542f\u7528\u7684swap\u533a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
5\u3001\/etc\/group\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/passwd \uff0c\u4f46\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u662f\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u7ec4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
6\u3001\/etc\/inittab\uff1ainit \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
7\u3001\/etc\/issue\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u77ed\u8bf4\u660e \u6216\u6b22\u8fce\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
8\u3001\/etc\/magic\uff1a\u201cfile\u201d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf4 \u660e\uff0c\u201cfile\u201d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u731c\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
9\u3001\/etc\/motd\uff1amotd\u662fmessage of the day\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8ba1\u5212\u5173\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u7b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
10\u3001\/etc\/mtab\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\u8868\u3002\u7531\u811a\u672c(scritp)\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u7531 mount\u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528(\u4f8b\u5982df\u547d\u4ee4)\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
11\u3001\/etc\/shadow\uff1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u5f71\u5b50(shadow)\u53e3\u4ee4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4 \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u53e3\u4ee4\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u5bf9\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237(root)\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u7834\u8bd1\u53e3\u4ee4\u66f4\u56f0 \u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
12\u3001\/etc\/login.defs\uff1alogin\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
13\u3001\/etc\/printcap\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/termcap \uff0c\u4f46\u9488\u5bf9\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
14\u3001\/etc\/profile \u3001\/etc\/csh.login\u3001\/etc\/csh.cshrc\uff1a\u767b \u5f55\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u65f6bourne\u6216cshells\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u7f3a\u7701\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
15\u3001\/etc\/securetty\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u5373\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5141\u8bb8\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237(root) \u767b\u5f55\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u865a\u62df\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd(\u81f3\u5c11\u5f88\u56f0\u96be)\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668(modem)\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u95ef\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7279\u6743\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
16\u3001\/etc\/shells\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\u3002chsh\u547d\u4ee4\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6539\u53d8\u767b\u5f55\u7684shell\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00<\/strong>
\n\u53f0\u673a\u5668ftp\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0bftpd\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237shell\u662f\u5426\u5217\u5728\/etc\/shells\u6587\u4ef6 \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
17\u3001\/etc\/termcap\uff1a\u7ec8\u7aef\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u63a7 \u5236\u3002\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u51fa\u8f6c\u4e49<\/strong>
\n\u5e8f\u5217(\u8fd9\u6837\u53ea\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\/etc\/termcap\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684 \u6b63\u786e\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u6570\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
\/Dev\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/div>\n
\/dev\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u7531\u7cfb \u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\/dev\/makedev\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\/dev\/makedev.local \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6(\u6216\u8fde\u63a5)\u5199\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u7a3f(\u5373\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6makedev \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206)\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\/dev\u4e0b \u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\/dev\/console\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\u5668\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
2\u3001\/dev\/hd\uff1aide\u786c\u76d8\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5982\uff1a\/dev\/hda\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c \u76d8\uff0chad1\u5219\u662f\u6307\/dev\/hda\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u3002\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\/dev \/hdb\u3001\/dev\/hdc\u3001\u2026 \u2026\uff1b\u5982\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5219\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3ahda1\u3001hda2 \u2026 \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n
3\u3001\/dev\/sd\uff1ascsi\u78c1\u76d8\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709scsi\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bbf\u95ee\/dev\/had\uff0c \u800c\u4f1a\u8bbf\u95ee\/dev\/sda\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
4\u3001\/dev\/fd\uff1a\u8f6f\u9a71\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\uff1a\/dev\/fd0\u6307 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684a\u76d8\uff0c\/dev\/fd1\u6307\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8\uff0c\u2026 \u2026\u800c\/dev\/fd1 h1440\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8bbf\u95ee\u9a71\u52a8\u56681\u4e2d\u76844.5\u9ad8\u5bc6\u76d8\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
5\u3001\/dev\/st\uff1ascsi\u78c1\u5e26\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
6\u3001\/dev\/tty\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u865a\u62df\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5982\uff1a\/dev\/tty1\u6307 \u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\/dev\/tty2\u5219\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>
\n\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
7\u3001\/dev\/pty\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u9646\u4f2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884ctelnet\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u5230\/dev\/pty\u8bbe \u5907\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
8\u3001\/dev\/ttys\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e32\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8edos\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u201ccom1\u201d\u53e3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
9\u3001\/dev\/cua\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e32\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0e\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
10\u3001\/dev\/null\uff1a\u201c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5199\u5165\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5c06\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f53\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u5c4f\u5e55 \u4e0a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765<\/strong>
\n\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u5165\u5230\/dev\/null\u4e2d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
\/Usr\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/div>\n
\/usr\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\/usr\u91cc \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u81ealinux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff1b\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\/usr\/local\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u65b0\u7248\u7cfb \u7edf\u6216\u65b0\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u65f6\u65e0\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\u5168\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\/usr\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u3002\/usr\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u578b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55(\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u4e86)\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\/usr\/x11r6\uff1a\u5305\u542bx window\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u652f\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316x\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\uff0cx\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002x window\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5982\u679c\u5bf9microsoft windows\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9x window\u7cfb\u7edf\u611f\u5230\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
2\u3001\/usr\/x386\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\/usr\/x11r6 \uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7ed9x 11 release 5\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
3\u3001\/usr\/bin\uff1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e93\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\/bin\u6216\/usr\/local\/bin\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
4\u3001\/usr\/sbin\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
5\u3001\/usr\/man\u3001\/usr\/info\u3001\/usr\/doc\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u624b\u518c\u9875\u3001 gnu\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u6863\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8054\u673a\u624b\u518c\u7684\u201c\u8282\u201d\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\/usr\/man\/man1\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8054\u673a\u624b\u518c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u6e90\u7801(\u6ca1\u6709\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u539f \u59cb\u6587\u4ef6)\uff0c\/usr\/man\/cat1\u5305\u542b\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\u5df2\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8054\u673a\u624b\u518c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e5d\u8282\uff1a\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u5b8f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3001 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
6\u3001\/usr\/include\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u4e86c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u591a\u4ee5.h\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0c \u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001<\/strong>
\n\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5728\/usr\/lib\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9 \u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
7\u3001\/usr\/lib\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9bsite - wide\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u540d\u5b57lib\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e93(library); \u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5e93\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\/usr\/lib \u91cc\u3002\u5f53\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fbf\u4f1a\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u628a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
8\u3001\/usr\/local\uff1a\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\/usr\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u7528\u6237 \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927<\/strong>\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u5982tex\u3001emacs\u7b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
\/Var\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/div>\n
\/var\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u6269\u5145 \u7684\u3002\u539f\u6765\/var\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5728\/usr\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\/usr\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u653e\u5230\/var\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c \u5373\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55(\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7701\u7565\u4e86)\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\/var\/catman\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8fc7\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9(man)\u9875\u3002\u5e2e\u52a9\u9875\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u5728 \/usr\/man\/catman\u4e2d\uff1b\u6709\u4e9bman\u9875\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9884\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\/usr\/man\/cat\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684man\u9875\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u65f6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u683c \u5f0f\u5316\u5b8c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5b58\u5728\/var\/man\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u518d\u770b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9875\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e86\u3002(\/var\/catman\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab \u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6e05\u9664\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u6837\u3002)<\/strong><\/p>\n
2\u3001\/var\/lib\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
3\u3001\/var\/local\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\/usr\/local\u4e2d \u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e(\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f)\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c<\/strong>
\n\u5373\u4f7f\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\/var\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\/var\/lock \u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
4\u3001\/var\/lock\uff1a\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9075\u5faa\u5728\/var\/lock\u4e2d \u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728<\/strong>
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
5\u3001\/var\/log\uff1a\u5404\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7(log)\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662flogin (\/var\/log\/wtmplog\u7eaa \u5f55\u6240\u6709\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u6ce8\u9500) \u548csyslog (\/var\/log\/messages \u7eaa\u5f55\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f)\u3002\/var\/log \u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
6\u3001\/var\/run\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u524d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\/var\/run\/utmp\u5305 \u542b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
7\u3001\/var\/spool\uff1a\u653e\u7f6e\u201c\u5047\u8131\u673a(spool)\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982mail\u3001 news\u3001\u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u961f\u5217\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6bcf<\/strong>
\n\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684spool\u5728\/var\/spool\u4e0b\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u90ae\u7bb1\u5c31\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/var\/spool\/mail \u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
8\u3001\/var\/tmp\uff1a\u6bd4\/tmp\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6216\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406 \u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\/var\/tmp\u6709\u5f88\u65e7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
\/Proc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/div>\n
\/proc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e \u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55(\/proc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf \u5728proc man\u9875\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e)\u3002<\/p>\n
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