\u672c\u6587\u53ea\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u90e8\u5206nginx\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5728nginx\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u4e09\u65b9\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u5217\u8868\u8fd9\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8f6e\u8be2<\/strong><\/div>\n
nginx\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5206\u7ed9\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
upstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001; # \u7b49\u540c\u4e8eserver 127.0.0.1:7001 weight=1;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001; # \u7b49\u540c\u4e8eserver 150.109.118.85:7001 weight=1;\r\n}\r\n\r\nserver {\r\n\tlisten 8081;\r\n\tserver_name localhost;\r\n\r\n\tlocation \/ {\r\n\t\tproxy_pass http:\/\/test\/;\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nupstream\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4\u3002 \nproxy_pass: \u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee3\u7406\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230proxy_pass\u540e\u9762\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cchttp:\/\/<\/code>\u540e\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8ddf\u4e0aupstream\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1aupstream\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u57df\u540d+\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u8005ip+\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6709\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5426\u5219nginx\u4f1a\u62a5nginx: [emerg] invalid host in upstream<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u52a0\u6743\uff08weight\uff09<\/strong><\/div>\nupstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 weight=2;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001 weight=1;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u524d\u9762\u4e24\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230127.0.0.1:7001<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230150.109.118.85:7001<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u518d\u540e\u9762\u4e24\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230127.0.0.1:7001<\/code>\uff0c\u3002\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n \n\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/h3>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1asrc\/http\/modules\/ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.c<\/p>\n nginx\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u7ed9active_connection\/weight\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n \tleast_conn;\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 weight=1;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001 weight=1;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nip_hash<\/strong><\/div>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1asrc\/http\/modules\/ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.c<\/p>\n \u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684ip\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2ahash\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2ahash\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n \tip_hash;\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nnginx\u4f7f\u7528ip_hash\u7b56\u7565\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u6237\u7535\u8111\u7684ip\u4e0d\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bf7\u6c42\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e1a\u52a1\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u7ed9\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u7247\u88ab\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c\u3002nginx\u4f7f\u7528ip_hash\u7b56\u7565\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u8981\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6587\u4ef6\u7247\u6bb5\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cnginx\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97ip\u7684hash\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230hash\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n hash<\/strong><\/div>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1asrc\/http\/modules\/ngx_http_upstream_hash_module.c<\/p>\n \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884chash\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6709remote_addr\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefip\uff09\uff08\u4ece\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u9762\u770b\u611f\u89c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u6389ip_hash\uff09\u3001request_uri(\u8bf7\u6c42uri)\u3001args\uff08\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5request_uri\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u90fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684uri\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2ahash\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u8fc7hash\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684hash\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u8be5hash\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u67d0\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b95\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u5047\u8bber1\u547d\u4e2da\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1br2\u547d\u4e2db\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5f53a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b95\u673a\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u901a\u8fc7r1\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684hash\u4e0ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\uff0cr1\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7ed9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u540e\u7eeda\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u540e\uff0cr1\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u7ed9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n \thash $request_uri;\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u547d\u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bbd\u5e26\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0b\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n consistent_hash<\/strong><\/div>\nconsistent_hash\uff08\u4e00\u81f4\u6027hash\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u548cnginx\u5185\u7f6e\u7684hash\u6a21\u5757\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528consistent_hash\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684nginx\u5185\u7f6e\u7684hash\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709remote_addr\u3001request_uri\u3001args\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728ngx_http_consistent_hash\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tconsistent_hash $request_uri;\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nfair<\/strong><\/div>\n\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u5206\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728nginx_up<\/a>stream_fair<\/a>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e0a\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u662f8\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tfair;\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u6548\u679c\u548c\u8f6e\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u6548\u679c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u54ea\u3002\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/div>\ndown<\/strong><\/div>\n\u6807\u8bc6down<\/code>\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 down;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e0a\u9762\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a127.0.0.1:7001<\/code>\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3adown<\/code>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230150.109.118.85:7001<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n weight<\/strong><\/div>\n\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u503c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f1\u3002\u5728\u53ea\u6709weight\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e14\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\uff0cnginx\u4f1a\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230weight\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 weight=2;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001 weight=1;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d127\u670d\u52a1\u548c150\u670d\u52a1\u5404\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a2:1\u3002<\/p>\n max_fails<\/strong><\/div>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7max_fails\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u8fd9\u53f0\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 max_fail=1;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nfail_timeout<\/strong><\/div>\n\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7max_fails\u4ee5\u540e\uff0cnginx\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u7981\u6b62\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5f53\u8fc7\u53bbfail_timeout\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u540e\uff0cnginx\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u521a\u624d\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85fail_timeout\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u518d\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002fail_timeout\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65f6\u95f4\u662f10s\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 max_fail=1 fail_timeout=10s;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nbackup<\/strong><\/div>\n\u5907\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u975ebackup\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u88ab\u505c\u7528\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3adown\u65f6\uff0cnginx\u4f1a\u542f\u7528\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3abackup\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 backup;\r\n\tserver 150.109.118.85:7001;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nmax_conns<\/strong><\/div>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8enginx\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u56e0\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5b95\u673a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n upstream test {\r\n\tserver 127.0.0.1:7001 max_conns=10000;\r\n\tserver 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