\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong><\/strong><\/div>\n
Linux\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7c7bUNIX\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7531\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179\u57281991\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u4e0a\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3aLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Linux\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u7b80\u5355\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e0bLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5f00\u673a\u5230\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u5907\u5fd8!<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
LINUX\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0b\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3aPOST-->BIOS-->MBR(GRUB)-->Kernel-->Init-->Runlevel\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/a><\/center><\/p>\n
BIOS<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
BIOS(Basic Input\/Output System)\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u4e3b\u677f\u7684ROM\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6700\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u7535\u81ea\u68c0\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u68c0\u67e5CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u5143(\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5668)\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u4ed6\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u8f7dBIOS\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684BIOS\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fb9\u5c31\u4e0d\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0cBIOS\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\uff0cBIOS\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u5934\u7684MBR\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u6267\u884cMBR\u4e2d\u7684Bootloader\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728MBR\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u67e5\u627e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8(PS\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728BIOS\u7684\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e)\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6BootLoader\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0cBIOS\u5c31\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u63a5\u7ed9\u4e86BootLoader\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
MBR<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
MBR(Master Boot Record)\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cMBR\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a512bytes\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c446bytes\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8BootLoader\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c64bytes\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u533a\u8868\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6700\u540e2bytes\u7528\u4e8eMBR\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/a><\/center><\/p>\n
GRUB<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/strong><\/p>\n
GRUB(Grand Unified Bootloader)\uff0c\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n
Stage1\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662fMBR\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5Bootloader\u7a0b\u5e8f(stage2)\uff0c\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6ca1\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0cMBR\u6839\u672c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u5230stage2\u6240\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86stage1_5<\/p>\n
Stage1_5\uff1a\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n
Stage2\uff1aGRUB\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\/boot\/grub\/grub.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627eKernel\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u8f7dKernel\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f53Kernel\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0cGRUB\u5c31\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u63a5\u7ed9\u4e86Kernel\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
PS\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\/boot\u8fd8\u6ca1\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\uff0cGRUB\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc6\u522bgrub\u6240\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\/grub\/grub.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
grub.conf\uff1a\r\n#boot=\/dev\/sda\r\ndefault=0 #\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u7684title\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\r\ntimeout=5 #\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\r\nsplashimage=(hd0,0)\/boot\/grub\/splash.xpm.gz #GRUB\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u56fe\u7247\r\nhiddenmenu #\u9690\u85cf\u83dc\u5355\r\ntitle CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5PAE) #\u5185\u6838\u6807\u9898\r\nroot (hd0,0) #\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\r\nkernel \/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5PAE ro root=LABEL=\/ #\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u7684\u53c2\u6570\r\ninitrd \/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5PAE.img #ramdisk\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\r\n<\/pre>\n
Kernel<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Kernel\uff0c\u5185\u6838\uff0cKernel\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cKernel\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53GRUB\u5c06Kernel\u8bfb\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8bb2\u5185\u6838\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u8bb2\u4e0binitrd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<\/p>\n
initrd(Initial RAM Disk)\uff0c\u5b83\u5728stage2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5c31\u88ab\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(rootfs)\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aKernel\u4e3a\u4e86\u7cbe\u7b80\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cKernel\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6rootfs\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6545\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86initrd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u88c5\u8f7d\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5f53Kernel\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceinitrd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u88c5\u8f7d\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6302\u8f7d\u771f\u6b63\u7684rootfs\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06initrd\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
Kernel\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f53\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u88c5\u8f7d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b(\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b)\uff0c\u6267\u884c\/sbin\/init\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u63a5\u7ed9\u4e86init\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
Init<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
init\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u884cOS\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6839\u636e\/etc\/inittab(\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b)\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e3a\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684OS\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u8bb2\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1(\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u5b9e\u9645\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48)\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\u6fc0\u6d3budev\u548cselinux;<\/li>\n
\u6839\u636e\/etc\/sysctl.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570;<\/li>\n
\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u949f;<\/li>\n
\u88c5\u8f7d\u786c\u76d8\u6620\u5c04;<\/li>\n
\u542f\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a;<\/li>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3b\u673a\u540d;<\/li>\n
\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf;<\/li>\n
\u6fc0\u6d3bRAID\u548cLVM\u8bbe\u5907;<\/li>\n
\u542f\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u914d\u989d;<\/li>\n
\u6839\u636e\/etc\/fstab\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u6302\u8f7d\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf;<\/li>\n
\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u9501\u548cPID\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u76ee\u5f55\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
Runlevel<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
runlevel\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0cinit\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0cLinux\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd<\/p>\n
\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 0\uff1a\u5173\u673a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/li>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 1\uff1a\u5355\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u5165)<\/li>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 2\uff1a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u65e0\u7f51\u7edc)<\/li>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 3\uff1a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u547d\u4ee4\u884c)<\/li>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 4\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559<\/li>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 5\uff1a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762)<\/li>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 6\uff1a\u91cd\u542f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0b\uff0c\/etc\/rc.d\/rc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n
Run level 0 \u2013 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc0.d\/\r\nRun level 1 \u2013 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc1.d\/\r\nRun level 2 \u2013 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc2.d\/\r\nRun level 3 \u2013 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc3.d\/\r\nRun level 4 \u2013 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc4.d\/\r\nRun level 5 \u2013 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc5.d\/\r\nRun level 6 \u2013 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc6.d\/\r\n<\/pre>\n
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$\"\"$ <\/a><\/center><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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