{"id":235463,"date":"2022-02-15T10:15:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-15T02:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/?p=235463"},"modified":"2022-02-08T10:22:47","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T02:22:47","slug":"solution-computer-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/solution-computer-architecture.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5e96\u4e01\u89e3\u725b"},"content":{"rendered":"<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 5px 12px; width: 25px; font-size: 22px; text-align: center; background: #E8E8E8; line-height: 30px; color: #999;\">\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 10px 12px; line-height: 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iPhone\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u540ePC\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u516c\u53f8\u6ca1\u6709\u8d2d\u4e70\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f ARM \u7684 RISC \u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf(SoC)\u3002\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82af\u7247\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 CISC \u7684 ISA \u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5230\u6765\u6781\u5927\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u82af\u7247\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u529f\u8017\u3001\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6743\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f CISC 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20px;\"><strong>\u5f53\u4ece\u5355\u6838\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u591a\u6838\u65f6\u4ee3<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6280\u672f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53(MOS)\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662fnMOS \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662fCMOS\u3002MOS \u6280\u672f\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u6539\u8fdb\u901f\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ed9\u5b9a ISA \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u968f\u7740\u901f\u5ea6\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u800c\u4e8c\u6b21\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74 \uff0c\u4f46\u57282000\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u7f13\uff0c\u52302018\u5e74\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a15\u500d\uff0c\u968f\u7740 CMOS \u6280\u672f\u63a5\u8fd1\u57fa\u672c\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u5dee\u8ddd\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281986\u5e74\u52302002\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e73\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6bcf\u5e74\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ea650% 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\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5f88\u5c11\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002DSA\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u5355\u5143(GPU)\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc(SDN)\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DSA \u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bd4\u7b97\u672f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u901a\u7528 CPU \u901a\u5e38\u652f\u630132\u4f4d\u548c64\u4f4d\u6574\u6570\u548c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728DNN\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u75284\u4f4d\u30018\u4f4d\u621616\u4f4d\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e DNN \u8bad\u7ec3\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cFP \u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f32\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\uff0c16\u4f4d\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DSA\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00(\u5982 Python\u3001 Java\u3001 c \u7b49)\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u9886\u57df\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00(DSL)\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7f16\u5199 DSA \u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDSL \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u7a20\u5bc6\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u7a00\u758f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u663e\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f DSL \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u64cd\u4f5c\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002DSL\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec Matlab\u3001 TensorFlow\u3001 P4(\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199 SDN \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00) \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Halide\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 DSL \u65f6\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 DSL \u7f16\u5199\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5e95\u5c42 DSA\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06 Tensorflow \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528 Nvidia GPU \u6216TPU\u7684\u5f02\u6784\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c DSA \u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u4e2aISA\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e73\u8861\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/07-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"829\" height=\"544\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-235464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/07-2.jpg 829w, https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/07-2-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/07-2-768x504.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 829px) 100vw, 829px\" \/><br \/>\n\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0cTPU \u4e0e\u901a\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u7d2f\u52a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u901a\u7528\u5355\u6838 CPU \u7684100\u500d\u3002\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cTPU \u4f7f\u752824\u5146\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u662f2015\u5e74\u901a\u7528 CPU \u7684\u4e24\u500d\u529f\u8017\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e Google \u516d\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u7b97\u672f\u5e73\u5747\uff0cTPU \u6bd4\u901a\u7528 CPU \u5feb29\u500d\u3002TPU \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u901a\u7528CPU \u9ad8\u51fa80\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<div   id="j6sjwn9j3u"    style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: white; background-color: black; border-left: red 10px solid; padding-left: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;\"><strong>\u4ece\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u5230\u654f\u6377\u786c\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\u53d7\u5230\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6210\u529f\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c Linux for \u5904\u7406\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u884c\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f ISA\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u793e\u533a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u6e90\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684 ISA \u8bbe\u8ba1\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u53ef\u80fd\u9a71\u52a8\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f RISC-V \uff0cRISC-V \u7684\u793e\u533a\u5728 RISC-V \u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\u7ef4\u62a4\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784 http:\/\/riscv.org\/\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7684 ISA \u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e13\u5bb6\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u3002RISC-V \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6808\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u6216\u7701\u7565\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u57fa\u7ebf\u7248\u672c\u5305\u62ec32\u4f4d\u548c64\u4f4d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002RISC-V \u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6765\u589e\u957f\uff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6808\u4ecd\u7136\u8fd0\u884c\u826f\u597d\u3002RISC-V \u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u662f ISA \u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e ARM \u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 armv8\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cRISC-V \u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002RISC-V\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u53ea\u67096\u79cd\uff0c\u800c armv8\u81f3\u5c11\u670914\u79cd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e RISC-V \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u82af\u7247\u5230\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u786c\u4ef6\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002RISC-V 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