{"id":244553,"date":"2022-06-20T10:19:04","date_gmt":"2022-06-20T02:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/?p=244553"},"modified":"2022-06-04T22:20:34","modified_gmt":"2022-06-04T14:20:34","slug":"linux-performance-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/linux-performance-analysis.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u542f\u52a8\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u5f15\u8d77\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f73\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u68c0\u67e5 systemd \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

systemd \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u00a0systemd-analyze<\/code>\u00a0\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d1\u73b0\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684 systemd \u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5206\u6790 systemd \u65e5\u5386\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6<\/a>[1]<\/span>\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u4e86\u00a0systemd-analyze<\/code>\u00a0\u53bb\u5206\u6790 systemd \u91cc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u6211\u5c06\u518d\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1asystemd \u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u82f1\u6587\u7684 \u201cboot\u201d \u548c \u201cstartup\u201d \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6db5\u4e49\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5c06 \u201cboot\u201d \u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5f15\u5bfc\u201d\uff0c\u201cstartup\u201d \u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u542f\u52a8\u201d\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6982\u8ff0\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/div>\n

Linux \u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u00a0systemd-analyze<\/code>\u00a0\u5de5\u5177\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u805a\u7126\u5728\u542f\u52a8startup<\/rt><\/ruby>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5f15\u5bfcboot<\/rt><\/ruby>\u548c\u542f\u52a8startup<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002\u5f15\u5bfc\u9636\u6bb5\u4ece BIOS \u52a0\u7535\u81ea\u68c0\uff08POST\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u5b8c\u6210\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u4e3b\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f systemd \u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u7406\u89e3 Linux \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7684 systemd<\/a>[2]<\/span>\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e0b\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u82b1\u8d39\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8981\u6709\u8da3\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u5757 \u534e\u7855 TUF X299 Mark 2 \u4e3b\u677f\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u7279\u5c14 i9-7960X CPU\uff0816 \u6838 32 \u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c64 G \u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u975e root \u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 root \u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u00a0systemd-analyze<\/code>\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u8017\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u6838\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u8fd0\u884c initrd\uff08\u5373\u521d\u59cb ramdisk\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u00a0\/<\/code>\u00a0\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u955c\u50cf\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u4e3b\u673a\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5b88\u62a4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f20\u9012\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u00a0systemd-analyze time<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n

[root@david ~]$ systemd-analyze\r\nStartup finished in 53.921s (firmware) + 2.643s (loader) + 2.236s (kernel) + 4.348s (initrd) + 10.082s (userspace) = 1min 13.233s\r\ngraphical.target reached after 10.071s in userspace\r\n[root@david ~]#\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u56fa\u4ef6\uff08BIOS\uff09\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u51e0\u4e4e 54 \u79d2\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u592a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u82b1\u8d39\u8fd9\u4e48\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u901a\u8fc7 BIOS\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u7684 System76 Oryx Pro \u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u5728 BIOS \u9636\u6bb5\u53ea\u82b1\u4e86 8.506 \u79d2\uff0c\u6211\u5bb6\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5728 10 \u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u9635\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u5757\u4e3b\u677f\u4ee5\u5176\u8d85\u957f\u7684 BIOS \u5f15\u5bfc\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u677f\u4ece\u4e0d\u201c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u542f\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6302\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u5173\u673a\u518d\u5f00\u673a\uff0cBIOS \u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u6309\u00a0F1<\/code>\u00a0\u8fdb\u5165 BIOS \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u591a\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7528\u6389\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u56fa\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u56fa\u4ef6\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca systemd\uff09\u3002\u6211\u7684\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f7f\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7ed9\u82f1\u7279\u5c14 9 \u4ee3\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\uff08\u867d\u7136\u6709\u9650\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5206\u914d\u8d23\u4efb<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u00a0systemd-analyze blame<\/code>\u00a0\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u54ea\u4e2a systemd \u5355\u5143\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6309\u7167\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u77ed\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u591a\u5230\u5c11\uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]$ systemd-analyze blame  \r\n       5.417s NetworkManager-wait-online.service\r\n       3.423s dracut-initqueue.service\r\n       2.715s systemd-udev-settle.service\r\n       2.519s fstrim.service\r\n       1.275s udisks2.service\r\n       1.271s smartd.service\r\n        996ms upower.service\r\n        637ms lvm2-monitor.service\r\n        533ms lvm2-pvscan@8:17.service\r\n        520ms dmraid-activation.service\r\n        460ms vboxdrv.service\r\n        396ms initrd-switch-root.service\r\n<\u622a\u65ad\uff1a\u5220\u53bb\u4e86\u597d\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u957f\u7684\u6761\u76ee>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u5728 BIOS \u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u5355\u5143\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u603b\u6570\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u00a0systemd-analyze time<\/code>\u00a0\u6c47\u603b\u6570\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u7528\uff08disable<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u8fc7\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u94fe<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u9879\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u94fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u94fe\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1asystemd \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5173\u952e\u94fe\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u7684 systemd \u5355\u5143\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5355\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u3002\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0d\u5728\u5173\u952e\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\uff09<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze critical-chain\r\nThe time when unit became active or started is printed after the \"@\" character.\r\nThe time the unit took to start is printed after the \"+\" character.\r\n\r\ngraphical.target @10.071s\r\n\u2514\u2500lxdm.service @10.071s\r\n  \u2514\u2500plymouth-quit.service @10.047s +22ms\r\n    \u2514\u2500systemd-user-sessions.service @10.031s +7ms\r\n      \u2514\u2500remote-fs.target @10.026s\r\n        \u2514\u2500remote-fs-pre.target @10.025s\r\n          \u2514\u2500nfs-client.target @4.636s\r\n            \u2514\u2500gssproxy.service @4.607s +28ms\r\n              \u2514\u2500network.target @4.604s\r\n                \u2514\u2500NetworkManager.service @4.383s +219ms\r\n                  \u2514\u2500dbus-broker.service @4.434s +136ms\r\n                    \u2514\u2500dbus.socket @4.369s\r\n                      \u2514\u2500sysinit.target @4.354s\r\n                        \u2514\u2500systemd-update-utmp.service @4.345s +9ms\r\n                          \u2514\u2500auditd.service @4.301s +42ms\r\n                            \u2514\u2500systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @4.254s +42ms\r\n                              \u2514\u2500import-state.service @4.233s +19ms\r\n                                \u2514\u2500local-fs.target @4.229s\r\n                                  \u2514\u2500Virtual.mount @4.019s +209ms\r\n                                    \u2514\u2500systemd-fsck@dev-mapper-vg_david2\\x2dVirtual.service @3.742s +274ms\r\n                                      \u2514\u2500local-fs-pre.target @3.726s\r\n                                        \u2514\u2500lvm2-monitor.service @356ms +637ms\r\n                                          \u2514\u2500dm-event.socket @319ms\r\n                                            \u2514\u2500-.mount\r\n                                              \u2514\u2500system.slice\r\n                                                \u2514\u2500-.slice\r\n[root@david ~]#\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u524d\u9762\u6709\u00a0@<\/code>\u00a0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u5355\u5143\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5f00\u59cb\u542f\u52a8\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u79d2\u6570\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6709\u00a0+<\/code>\u00a0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u663e\u793a\u5355\u5143\u542f\u52a8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff0csystemd-analyze dump<\/code>\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u8f6c\u50a8\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcf\u4e2a systemd \u5355\u5143\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze dump\r\nTimestamp firmware: 1min 7.983523s\r\nTimestamp loader: 3.872325s\r\nTimestamp kernel: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:35 EDT\r\nTimestamp initrd: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\nTimestamp userspace: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:42 EDT\r\nTimestamp finish: Wed 2020-08-26 16:33:56 EDT\r\nTimestamp security-start: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:42 EDT\r\nTimestamp security-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:42 EDT\r\nTimestamp generators-start: Wed 2020-08-26 16:33:42 EDT\r\nTimestamp generators-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 16:33:43 EDT\r\nTimestamp units-load-start: Wed 2020-08-26 16:33:43 EDT\r\nTimestamp units-load-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 16:33:43 EDT\r\nTimestamp initrd-security-start: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\nTimestamp initrd-security-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\nTimestamp initrd-generators-start: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\nTimestamp initrd-generators-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\nTimestamp initrd-units-load-start: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\nTimestamp initrd-units-load-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\n-> Unit system.slice:\r\n        Description: System Slice\r\n        Instance: n\/a\r\n        Unit Load State: loaded\r\n        Unit Active State: active\r\n        State Change Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\n        Inactive Exit Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\n        Active Enter Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT\r\n        Active Exit Timestamp: n\/a\r\n        Inactive Enter Timestamp: n\/a\r\n        May GC: no\r\n<\u622a\u65ad\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u884c>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u4e86 49680 \u884c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u6982 1.66MB\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a systemd \u5355\u5143\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3001PID\u3001\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n
systemd-analyze<\/code>\u00a0\u7684\u624b\u518c\u9875\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u00a0systemd-analyze --user dump<\/code>\u00a0\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u641c\u7d22\u4e4b\u540e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728 systemd \u91cc\uff0c--user<\/code>\u00a0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u6309\u5206\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5206\u6790\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5565\u90fd\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\u7325\u7410\u8001\u677f\uff08PHB\uff09\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u90fd\u53d1\u73b0\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u6bd4\u6211\u901a\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6211\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff0csystemd-analyze<\/code>\u00a0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u5f15\u5bfc\/\u542f\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u00a0SVG<\/a>[3]<\/span>\u00a0\u77e2\u91cf\u56fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e2\u91cf\u56fe\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u79d2\uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze plot > \/tmp\/bootup.svg\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a SVG \u6587\u4ef6\uff0cSVG \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56fe\u5f62\u77e2\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Image Viewer\u3001Ristretto\u3001Okular\u3001Eye of Mate\u3001LibreOffice Draw \u5728\u5185\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 SVG \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u7528 LibreOffice Draw\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u529e\u516c\u6587\u6863\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff09\u6765\u6e32\u67d3\u4e00\u5e45\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5f62\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u6e05\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
The bootup.svg file displayed in LibreOffice Draw.<\/em><\/p>\n
\u56fe\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u4e0a\u96f6\u70b9\uff080\uff09\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u96f6\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u662f\u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u3001initrd \u548c initrd \u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u5730\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84\u7528\u7ea2\u8272\u9ad8\u4eae\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u56fe\u5f62\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u00a0systemd-analyze plot<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u00a0DOT<\/a>[4]<\/span>\u00a0\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fe\u3002\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0dot<\/code>\u00a0\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u77e2\u91cf\u56fe\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b SVG \u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u82b1\u4e86 9 \u5206\u949f\uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# time systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > \/tmp\/test.svg\r\n   Color legend: black     = Requires\r\n                 dark blue = Requisite\r\n                 dark grey = Wants\r\n                 red       = Conflicts\r\n                 green     = After\r\n\r\nreal    8m37.544s\r\nuser    8m35.375s\r\nsys     0m0.070s\r\n[root@david ~]#\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u73b0\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9762\u6761\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd5\u8bd5\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u6211\u60f3\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u5728\u9605\u8bfb systemd-analyze(1) \u7684\u624b\u518c\u9875\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u6709\u70b9\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6761\u4ef6\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\uff08\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bfb\u624b\u518c\u9875\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u795e\u5947\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff01\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u00a0condition<\/code>\u00a0\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5 systemd \u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6 \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\u3002\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u81ea\u624b\u518c\u9875\uff0c\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u70b9\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5b83\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u662f\u5426\u5728 4.0 \u548c 5.1 \u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u4f9b\u7535\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5426\u662f ARM\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u00a0\/etc\/os-release<\/code>\u00a0\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6211\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u00a0echo $?<\/code>\u00a0\u6765\u6253\u5370\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze condition 'ConditionKernelVersion = ! <4.0' \\\r\n                    'ConditionKernelVersion = >=5.1' \\\r\n                    'ConditionACPower=|false' \\\r\n                    'ConditionArchitecture=|!arm' \\\r\n                    'AssertPathExists=\/etc\/os-release' ; \\\r\necho $?\r\ntest.service: AssertPathExists=\/etc\/os-release succeeded.\r\nAsserts succeeded.\r\ntest.service: ConditionArchitecture=|!arm succeeded.\r\ntest.service: ConditionACPower=|false failed.\r\ntest.service: ConditionKernelVersion=>=5.1 succeeded.\r\ntest.service: ConditionKernelVersion=!<4.0 succeeded.\r\nConditions succeeded.\r\n0\r\n[root@david ~]#\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5927\u7ea6\u4ece systemd.unit(5) \u624b\u518c\u9875\u7684\u7b2c 600 \u884c\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/div>\n
systemd-analyze<\/code>\u00a0\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u9001\u5230 STDOUT \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u00a0\/etc\/<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze cat-config systemd\/system\/display-manager.service\r\n# \/etc\/systemd\/system\/display-manager.service\r\n[Unit]\r\nDescription=LXDM (Lightweight X11 Display Manager)\r\n#Documentation=man:lxdm(8)\r\nConflicts=getty@tty1.service\r\nAfter=systemd-user-sessions.service getty@tty1.service plymouth-quit.service livesys-late.service\r\n#Conflicts=plymouth-quit.service\r\n\r\n[Service]\r\nExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/lxdm\r\nRestart=always\r\nIgnoreSIGPIPE=no\r\n#BusName=org.freedesktop.lxdm\r\n\r\n[Install]\r\nAlias=display-manager.service\r\n[root@david ~]#\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6253\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5b57\u5374\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u00a0cat<\/code>\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u505a\u7684\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c0f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684 systemd \u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u641c\u7d22\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemctl cat backup*\r\n# \/etc\/systemd\/system\/backup.timer\r\n# This timer unit runs the local backup program\r\n# (C) David Both\r\n# Licensed under GPL V2\r\n#\r\n\r\n[Unit]\r\nDescription=Perform system backups\r\nRequires=backup.service\r\n\r\n[Timer]\r\nUnit=backup.service\r\nOnCalendar=*-*-* 00:15:30\r\n\r\n[Install]\r\nWantedBy=timers.target\r\n\r\n\r\n# \/etc\/systemd\/system\/backup.service\r\n# This service unit runs the rsbu backup program\r\n# By David Both\r\n# Licensed under GPL V2\r\n#\r\n\r\n[Unit]\r\nDescription=Backup services using rsbu\r\nWants=backup.timer\r\n\r\n[Service]\r\nType=oneshot\r\nEnvironment=\"HOME=\/root\"\r\nExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/rsbu -bvd1\r\nExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/rsbu -buvd2\r\n\r\n[Install]\r\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\r\n\r\n[root@david ~]#\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u524d\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u91ca\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u00a0verify<\/code>\u00a0\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u5e2e\u52a9\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u6765\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u62fc\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze verify \/etc\/systemd\/system\/backup.service\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u79c9\u627f Unix\/Linux \u7684\u201c\u6c89\u9ed8\u662f\u91d1\u201d\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u610f\u5473\u7740\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong><\/div>\n
security<\/code>\u00a0\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze security display-manager\r\n  NAME                                                        DESCRIPTION                                                     >\r\n\u2717 PrivateNetwork=                                             Service has access to the host's network                        >\r\n\u2717 User=\/DynamicUser=                                          Service runs as root user                                       >\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SET(UID|GID|PCAP)                Service may change UID\/GID identities\/capabilities              >\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_ADMIN                        Service has administrator privileges                            >\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_PTRACE                       Service has ptrace() debugging abilities                        >\r\n\u2717 RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_(INET|INET6)                    Service may allocate Internet sockets                           >\r\n\u2717 RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWUSER                           Service may create user namespaces                              >\r\n\u2717 RestrictAddressFamilies=~\u2026                                  Service may allocate exotic sockets                             >\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(CHOWN|FSETID|SETFCAP)           Service may change file ownership\/access mode\/capabilities unres>\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(DAC_*|FOWNER|IPC_OWNER)         Service may override UNIX file\/IPC permission checks            >\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_ADMIN                        Service has network configuration privileges                    >\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_MODULE                       Service may load kernel modules\r\n<\u622a\u65ad>\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG                   Service may issue vhangup()                                     >\r\n\u2717 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_WAKE_ALARM                       Service may program timers that wake up the system              >\r\n\u2717 RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_UNIX                            Service may allocate local sockets                              >\r\n\r\n\u2192 Overall exposure level for backup.service: 9.6 UNSAFE ?\r\nlines 34-81\/81 (END)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u9488\u5bf9\u51e0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\uff1b\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u5e95\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u73af\u5883\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u5230\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u800c\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6709\u7528\u9009\u9879\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528 systemd-analyze \u6765\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 Linux \u4f7f\u7528 systemd \u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790 systemd \u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e94\u8be5\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6 systemd \u529f\u80fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e systemd \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u7565\u3001\u6666\u6da9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u9875\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8esystemd\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u5728\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u6709\u6240\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6211\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n