Shell \u811a\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668 UNIX Shell \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Shell \u811a\u672c\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u53d8\u79cd\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u3002Shell \u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5178\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u548c\u6587\u672c\u6253\u5370\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u811a\u672c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bc6\u522b Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u8bc6\u522b Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684 Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002#\u200b\u7b26\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c$\u7b26\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u811a\u672c\u9644\u5e26\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3001\u7528\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u60a8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u624b\u518c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u9644\u5e26\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u200b\u200bman date\u200b<\/code>\u200b\u00a0\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5982\u56fe 1 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Figure 1: Manual of date command<\/em><\/p>\n
\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/strong><\/div>\n\u5f53\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u6355\u83b7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bls -l \/usr\/bin >file\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bls -l \/usr\/bin 2>file\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bls -l \/usr\/bin > ls-output 2>&1\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bls -l \/usr\/bin &> ls-output\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bls -l \/usr\/bin 2> \/dev\/null\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5199\u5165\u00a0\u200b\u200b\/dev\/null\u200b<\/code>\u200b\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55<\/strong><\/div>\n\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u662f UNIX \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4e3a 2009 \u5230 2011 \u5e74\u91cc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/div>\n\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u547d\u540d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bprintenv\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bset\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u8bbe\u7f6e Shell \u9009\u9879<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bexport\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5bfc\u51fa\u73af\u5883\u5230\u968f\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200balias\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u522b\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/div>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6392\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bping\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u53d1\u9001 ICMP\uff08\u7f51\u9645\u7f51\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u8baf\u606f\u534f\u5b9a\uff09\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200btraceroute\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6253\u5370\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bnetstat\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6253\u5370\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bftp\u200b\u200b\u200b\/\u200b\u200blftp\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bwget\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bssh\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n OpenSSH SSH \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bscp\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5b89\u5168\u62f7\u8d1d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bsftp\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5b89\u5168\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\ngrep \u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/div>\n\u200b\u200bgrep\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b83\u662f Shell \u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bgrep -h '.zip' file.list\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u200b\u200b.\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bgrep -h '^zip' file.list\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u4ee5 \u200b\u200bzip\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u5f00\u5934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bgrep -h 'zip$' file.list\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u4ee5\u00a0\u200b\u200bzip\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bgrep -h '^zip$' file.list\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u53ea\u542b\u6709\u00a0\u200b\u200bzip\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bgrep -h '[^bz]zip' file.list\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u542b\u00a0\u200b\u200bb\u200b\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u548c\u00a0\u200b\u200bz\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bgrep -h '^[A-Za-z0-9]' file.list\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u91cf\u8bcd<\/strong><\/div>\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cf\u8bcd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200b?\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5339\u914d\u51fa\u73b0 0 \u6b21\u6216 1 \u6b21\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200b*\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5339\u914d\u51fa\u73b0 0 \u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b+\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5339\u914d\u51fa\u73b0 1 \u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200b{}\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5339\u914d\u51fa\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/div>\n\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u662f\u5f53\u4eca IT \u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5207\u7247\u3001\u526a\u5207\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bcat -A $FILE\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u663e\u793a\u00a0\u200b\u200b$FILE\u200b<\/code>\u200b\u00a0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bsort file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt > final_sorted_list.txt\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6392\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bls - l | sort -nr -k 5\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6309\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7b2c 5 \u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bsort --key=1,1 --key=2n distor.txt\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5bf9\u7b2c 1 \u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u503c\u6392\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bsort foo.txt | uniq -c\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bcut -f 3 distro.txt\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u526a\u5207\u7b2c 3 \u5217<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bcut -c 7-10\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u526a\u5207 7 - 10 \u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bcut -d ':' -f 1 \/etc\/password\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5206\u9694\u7b26\u00a0\u200b\u200b:\u200b<\/code>\u200b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200b\u200bsort -k 3.7nbr -k 3.1nbr -k 3.4nbr distro.txt\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6309\u7b2c 3 \u5217\u7b2c 7 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u7b2c 3 \u5217\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u7b2c 3 \u5217\u7b2c 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6392\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bpaste file1.txt file2.txt > newfile.txt\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bjoin file1.txt file2.txt\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6309\u516c\u5171\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u7a8d\u95e8\u548c\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/div>\n\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u9009\u9879\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n \u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bclear\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6e05\u7a7a\u5c4f\u5e55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bhistory\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u67e5\u770b\u4fdd\u5b58\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \u200bscript filename\u200b\u200b<\/td>\n \u6355\u83b7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/p>\n \n\u200b\u200bCTRL + R\u200b\u200b\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2<\/li>\n \u200b\u200b!!number\u200b\u200b\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a\u200b\u200bnumber\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n \u200b\u200b!!\u200b\u200b\u00a0\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n \u200b\u200b!?string\u200b\u200b\u00a0: \u6267\u884c\u5305\u542b\u200b\u200bstring\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n \u200b\u200b!string\u200b\u200b\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u200b\u200bstring\u200b\u200b\u00a0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n \u200b\u200bexport HISTCONTROL=ignoredups\u200b\u200b\uff1a \u5ffd\u7565\u91cd\u590d\u6761\u76ee<\/li>\n \u200b\u200bexport 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