\u666e\u901a\/\u5e38\u89c4\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5305\u542b\u6587\u672c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\u53ef\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>block<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>block<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby>\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u786c\u4ef6\u90e8\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7f13\u5b58\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f20\u8f93\u5927\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
# ls -l \/dev | grep \"^b\"\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 0 May 18 10:26 loop0\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 1 May 18 10:26 loop1\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 2 May 18 10:26 loop2\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 3 May 18 10:26 loop3\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 4 May 18 10:26 loop4\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 5 May 18 10:26 loop5\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 6 May 18 10:26 loop6\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 7, 7 May 18 10:26 loop7\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 0 May 18 10:26 ram0\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 1 May 18 10:26 ram1\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 10 May 18 10:26 ram10\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 11 May 18 10:26 ram11\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 12 May 18 10:26 ram12\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 13 May 18 10:26 ram13\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 14 May 18 10:26 ram14\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 15 May 18 10:26 ram15\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 2 May 18 10:26 ram2\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 3 May 18 10:26 ram3\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 4 May 18 10:26 ram4\r\nbrw-rw---- 1 root disk 1, 5 May 18 10:26 ram5\r\n...\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u5b57\u7b26\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>Character<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u5b57\u7b26\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>Character<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby>\uff1a \u4e5f\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec4\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u975e\u7f13\u51b2\u4e32\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u4f20\u8f93\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
# ls -l \/dev | grep \"^c\"\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n
crw------- 1 root root 10, 235 May 18 15:54 autofs\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 234 May 18 15:54 btrfs-control\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 5, 1 May 18 10:26 console\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 60 May 18 10:26 cpu_dma_latency\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 203 May 18 15:54 cuse\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 61 May 18 10:26 ecryptfs\r\ncrw-rw---- 1 root video 29, 0 May 18 10:26 fb0\r\ncrw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 7 May 18 10:26 full\r\ncrw-rw-rw- 1 root root 10, 229 May 18 10:26 fuse\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 251, 0 May 18 10:27 hidraw0\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 228 May 18 10:26 hpet\r\ncrw-r--r-- 1 root root 1, 11 May 18 10:26 kmsg\r\ncrw-rw----+ 1 root root 10, 232 May 18 10:26 kvm\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 237 May 18 10:26 loop-control\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 227 May 18 10:26 mcelog\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 249, 0 May 18 10:27 media0\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 250, 0 May 18 10:26 mei0\r\ncrw-r----- 1 root kmem 1, 1 May 18 10:26 mem\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 57 May 18 10:26 memory_bandwidth\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 59 May 18 10:26 network_latency\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 58 May 18 10:26 network_throughput\r\ncrw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 May 18 10:26 null\r\ncrw-r----- 1 root kmem 1, 4 May 18 10:26 port\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 108, 0 May 18 10:26 ppp\r\ncrw------- 1 root root 10, 1 May 18 10:26 psaux\r\ncrw-rw-rw- 1 root tty 5, 2 May 18 17:40 ptmx\r\ncrw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 8 May 18 10:26 random\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>Symbolic link<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>Symbolic link<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby>\u00a0\uff1a \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u6307\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6307\u5411\u5176\u5b83\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u5e38\u89c4\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
# ls -l \/dev\/ | grep \"^l\"\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 May 18 10:26 cdrom -> sr0\r\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 May 18 15:54 core -> \/proc\/kcore\r\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 May 18 15:54 fd -> \/proc\/self\/fd\r\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 May 18 10:26 rtc -> rtc0\r\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 May 18 10:26 shm -> \/run\/shm\r\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 May 18 15:54 stderr -> \/proc\/self\/fd\/2\r\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 May 18 15:54 stdin -> \/proc\/self\/fd\/0\r\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 May 18 15:54 stdout -> \/proc\/self\/fd\/1\r\n<\/pre>\n
Linux \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 ln \u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
# touch file1.txt\r\n# ln -s file1.txt \/home\/tecmint\/file1.txt [\u521b\u5efa\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6]\r\n# ls -l \/home\/tecmint\/ | grep \"^l\" [\u5217\u51fa\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6]\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u5728 \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb file1.txt \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06 \/home\/tecmint\/file1.txt \u6307\u5411 \/tmp\/file1.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ba1\u9053\uff08<\/rp>Pipe<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby>\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u9053\uff08<\/rp>Named pipe<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby> <\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u7ba1\u9053\uff08<\/rp>Pipe<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby>\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u9053\uff08<\/rp>Named pipe<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby> : \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4f7f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f7c\u6b64\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a Linux \u7ba1\u9053\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
# ls -l | grep \"^p\"\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
prw-rw-r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 May 18 17:47 pipe1\r\nprw-rw-r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 May 18 17:47 pipe2\r\nprw-rw-r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 May 18 17:47 pipe3\r\nprw-rw-r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 May 18 17:47 pipe4\r\nprw-rw-r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 May 18 17:47 pipe5\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 mkfifo \u5de5\u5177\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
# mkfifo pipe1\r\n# echo \"This is named pipe1\" > pipe1\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb pipe1 \u7684\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 echo \u547d\u4ee4 \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6 shell \u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\u4e86\uff08LCTT \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u88ab\u7ba1\u9053\u5360\u4f4f\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u521a\u52a0\u5165\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
# while read line ;do echo \"This was passed-'$line' \"; done<pipe1\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>socket<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<\/rp>socket<\/rt>\uff09<\/rp><\/ruby>\u00a0\uff1a \u63d0\u4f9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd0\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
# ls -l \/dev\/ | grep \"^s\"\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 May 18 10:26 log\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u8c03\u7528 socket() \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
int socket_desc= socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
AF_INET \u6307\u7684\u662f\u5730\u5740\u57df\uff08IPv4\uff09<\/li>\n
SOCK_STREAM \u6307\u7684\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 TCP \u534f\u8bae\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/li>\n
0 \u6307\u534f\u8bae\uff08IP \u534f\u8bae\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 socket_desc \u6765\u5f15\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u8ddf\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fd\u6570 read() \u548c write() \u6765\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u53c8\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728 Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u6839\uff08\/\uff09\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u5206\u5c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
# ls -l \/ | grep \"^d\" \r\n<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 5 15:49 bin\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 5 15:58 boot\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2015 cdrom\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4400 May 18 10:27 dev\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 168 root root 12288 May 18 10:28 etc\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 11 2015 home\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 May 5 15:44 lib\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 5 15:44 lib64\r\ndrwx------ 2 root root 16384 Apr 11 2015 lost+found\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 10 2015 media\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 23 17:54 mnt\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 16 root root 4096 Apr 30 16:01 opt\r\ndr-xr-xr-x 223 root root 0 May 18 15:54 proc\r\ndrwx------ 19 root root 4096 Apr 9 11:12 root\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 27 root root 920 May 18 10:54 run\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 May 5 15:57 sbin\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 1 2014 srv\r\ndr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 18 15:54 sys\r\ndrwxrwxrwt 13 root root 4096 May 18 17:55 tmp\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Mar 31 16:00 usr\r\ndrwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Nov 12 2015 var\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 mkdir \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
# mkdir -m 1666 tecmint.com\r\n# mkdir -m 1666 news.tecmint.com\r\n# mkdir -m 1775 linuxsay.com\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b49\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6559\u7a0b\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u6709\u8865\u5145\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8bf7\u7559\u4e0b\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u539f\u6587\u6765\u81ea\uff1ahttps:\/\/linux.cn\/article-7669-1.html<\/a><\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a http:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/linux-always-files.html<\/a>\u7f16\u8f91\u5458\uff1a\u5510\u8d44\u5bcc\uff0c\u5ba1\u6838\u5458\uff1a\u5cb3\u56fd\u5e05<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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