\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\u5f00\u59cb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
img<\/p>\n
\u5373\u5c06\u5f00\u59cbLinux\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u82b1\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7bc7\u5e45\u79d1\u666e\u4e00\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1.\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n
\u6211\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08OperatingSystem\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0OS\uff09\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4f60\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u5b58\u4ee5\u53cac\u76d8\u7b49\u7b49\u786c\u4ef6\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u540c\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u7edf\u7b79\u7740\u5404\u7c7b\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09\u5728\u540e\u6587\u4e2d\u4f1a\u63d0\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kernel_Layout<\/p>\n
1.2.\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u7c7b1.2.1.Windows<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u684c\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u7a7a\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u754c\u9762\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001\u5341\u5206\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73a9\u513f\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u6e38\u620f\u8fd8\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u6709Windows\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5982\u4eca\u662f\u4e00\u53f0Windows\u7528\u4e8e\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0Mac\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u5e38\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
windows<\/p>\n
1.2.2.Unix<\/p>\n
\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u524d\u9762\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684Linux\u5728\u597d\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53c2\u8003\u4e86Unix\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e9\u5df2\u6e10\u6e10\u6e10\u6e10\u9000\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
unix<\/p>\n
1.2.3.Linux<\/p>\n
Linux\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u7c7bUnix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Linux\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Linux\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0cLinux\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u8868\u793aLinux\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5728GNU\/Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cLinux\u5b9e\u9645\u5c31\u662fLinux\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u4efd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531GNU\u5de5\u7a0b\u7f16\u64b0\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u7684Linux\u5185\u6838\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u201cGNU\/Linux\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u6292\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201cLinux\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
linux<\/p>\n
1.2.4.MacOS<\/p>\n
\u82f9\u679c\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u4f53\u9a8c\u548cLinux\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u754c\u9762\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8981\u6bd4Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
macos<\/p>\n
1.3.\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u77a7\u77a7\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u7279\u522b\u597d\uff01<\/p>\n
\u5185\u6838\uff08\u82f1\u6587\uff1aKernel\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u6838\u5fc3\uff09\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62ff\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636eI\/O\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u8f6c\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u4ea4\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08CPU\uff09\u53ca\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u7535\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u8bf8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5185\u6838\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65f6\u4faf\u5bf9\u67d0\u90e8\u4efd\u786c\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5185\u6838\u4e00\u822c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u786c\u4ef6\u5177\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u8baf\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u95f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u6240\u9700\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53caIO\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u3002\u521d\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u660e\u786e\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e86!<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u662f\u8054\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u30021.4.\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08CPU\uff0cCentralProcessingUnit\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5173\u4e8eCPU\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
CPU\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3\uff08Core\uff09+\u63a7\u5236\u6838\u5fc3\uff08ControlUnit\uff09linux\u6807\u51c6\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8111\u90e8\u3002CPU\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u4efd\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u5668+\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u3002CPU\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u7531\u201c0\u201d\u548c\u201c1\u201d\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u30021.5.CPUvsKernel(\u5185\u6838)<\/p>\n
\u597d\u591a\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\u96be\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08CPU\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u4ece\u4e0b\u8fb9\u4e24\u70b9\u6765\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09\u5c5e\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800cCPU\u5c5e\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u3002CPU\u4e3b\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5404\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8b6c\u5982\u663e\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53f3\u56fe\u6e05\u6670\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5185\u6838\u3001CPU\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kernel_Layout<\/p>\n
1.6.\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n
\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u7528\u6237\u6001\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6309\u7167\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7528\u6237\u6001(usermode):\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u6001(kernelmode):\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6001\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf4\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u6001\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6001\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6001\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u548b\u6574\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u987b\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u51e1\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6001\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49)\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u6073\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee3\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6309\u529f\u80fd\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6211\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5185\u6838\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\uff08\u592a\u96be\u4e86~\u6728\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u753b\uff09<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
img<\/p>\n
2.\u521d\u63a2Linux2.1.Linux\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u65e9\u5df2\u7b80\u5355\u4e86Linux\uff0c\u8fd9\u513f\u53ea\u6307\u51fa\u4e09\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Linux<\/p>\n
2.2.Linux\u8bde\u751f<\/p>\n
1989\u5e74\uff0cLinusTorvalds\u6b65\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u65b0\u5730\u533a\u65c5\uff0c\u670d11\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e49\u52a1\u5175\u5f79\uff0c\u5b98\u9636\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5c09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5f39\u9053\u4f30\u7b97\u3002\u670d\u5f79\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba2\u8d2d\u4e86\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u5854\u80fd\u9c8d\u59c6\u6240\u8457\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u53caminix\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u30021990\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u590d\u5458\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6Unix\u3002<\/p>\n
Minix\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff7\u4f60\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7c7bUnix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7531\u5854\u80fd\u9c8d\u59c6\u9662\u957f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u4e4b\u7528\u800c\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5fae\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u542f\u53d1\u4e86Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
1991\u5e74\uff0cLinusTorvalds\u5f00\u6e90\u4e86Linux\u5185\u6838\u3002Linux\u4ee5\u4e00\u53ea\u4fcf\u76ae\u7684\u4f01\u9e45\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u6562\u4f5c\u6562\u4e3a\u3001\u70ed\u7231\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
OPINION:MaketheswitchtoaLinuxoperatingsystem|Opinion...<\/p>\n
2.3.\u5e38\u89c1Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
LinusTorvalds\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u53ea\u662fLinux\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5382\u5546\u5c06Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u5404\u7c7b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5305\u88c5\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u754c\u9762\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86Linux\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5185\u6838\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
Linux\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5b66\u4e60Linux,\u63a8\u8350\u9009\u62e9CentOS\u3002<\/p>\n
3.Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u89c83.1.Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n
\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u8def\u63d2\u53e3\u5361\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u662fUNIX\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f70\u663e\uff0c\u5728UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cLinux\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u501f\u9274UNIX\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u81f3\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3.2.inode\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n
inode\u662flinux\/unix\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\uff0cinode\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b?\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\u5462?<\/p>\n
\u786c\u789f\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u50a8\u5b58\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u78c1\u9053(Sector)\uff0c\u5757(block)\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u78c1\u9053\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u5757\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f4kb\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e3a8\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u78c1\u9053\u7ec4\u6210\uff08\u6bcf\u4f4d\u78c1\u9053\u50a8\u5b58512\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u591a\u4e2ablock\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u53ea\u80fd\u50a8\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u5757(block)\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u987b\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u50a8\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u4fe1\u606fmetadata\uff1a\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u5757\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u5728\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u50a8\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u53ebinode\uff0c\u8bd1\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\uff1ai\uff08index\uff09+node\u3002\u6bcf\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2ainodelinux\uff0c\u50a8\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528stat\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684inode\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u4f4dinode\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f7\u7801\uff0cLinux\/Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u5206\u8fa8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528inode\u53f7\u7801\u5206\u8fa8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff1ainode\u5c31\u662f\u62ff\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u5757\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u5728\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6inode\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
3.3.Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
Linux\u652f\u6301\u597d\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u6709:\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7ebf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cSocket\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
3.4.Linux\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/p>\n
\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f30\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u68f5\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
Linux\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u9c9c\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u7acb\u7684\u6811\uff0c\u6700\u9876\u697c\u662f\u5176\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u76ee\u5f55\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
4.Linux\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u8fb9\u53ea\u662f\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u4e2aLinux\u547d\u4ee4\u5feb\u67e5\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u9519\u600e\u4e48\u67e5\u770blinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5047\u5982\u9057\u5fd8\u4e2a\u522b\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u5219\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522b\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\nLinux\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5168\uff1a<\/p>\n
4.1.\u76ee\u5f55\u5207\u6362\u547d\u4ee44.2.\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4(\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5)4.3.\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4(\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5)4.4.\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
1\uff09\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5.tar\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5.gz\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u3002\u800c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u662f\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u901a\u5e38.tar.gz\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\uff1atar-zcvf\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8981\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5982\u679ctest\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1aaaa.txtbbb.txtccc.txt\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6253\u5305test\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u540d\u79f0\u4e3atest.tar.gz\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff1atar-zcvftest.tar.gzaaa.txtbbb.txtccc.txt\u6216tar-zcvftest.tar.gz\/test\/<\/p>\n
2\uff09\u89e3\u538b\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a`tar[-xvf]\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6``<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff1ax\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u89e3\u538b<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
4.5.Linux\u7684\u6743\u9650\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4f4d\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002\u6743\u9650\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u62ff\u6765\u9650\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u6743\u9650\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u4e3a\u8bfb(readable)\u3001\u5199(writable)\u548c\u6267\u884c(excutable)\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4\u3002\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b(owner)\uff0c\u5c5e\u7ec4(group)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237(other)\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u6237\u3001\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7ls-l\u547d\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u968f\u4fbf\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0bls-l<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
img<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
img<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u8fb9\u5c06\u8be6\u5c3d\u8bb2\u89e3\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001Linux\u4e2d\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5728\u7ec4\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u7ec4\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n
Linux\u4e2d\u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6743\u9650\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cat\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8865\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6743\u9650\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
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