{"id":293614,"date":"2024-10-14T12:17:16","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T04:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/srjxlywzjbbd.html"},"modified":"2024-10-14T12:17:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T04:17:16","slug":"srjxlywzjbbd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lrxjmw.cn\/srjxlywzjbbd.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790 Linux \u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e13\u5bb6\u5fc5\u5907\u7684 awk \u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4ece\u521d\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u804c\u573a\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux<\/a>\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e13\u5bb6\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u5f0f \u547d\u4ee4<\/a>\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d`awk`\u4ee5\u5176\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u529f\u80fd\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u52a9\u529b\u6211\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u5e9e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u9488\u5bf9`awk`\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u804c\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u5c3d\u5256\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

1. awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/b><\/p>\n

`awk`\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u6309\u884c\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u53ca\u5904\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8be5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5176\u4e09\u4f4d\u521b\u7acb\u8005AlfredAho\u3001PeterWeinberger\u53caBrianKernighan\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u3002`awk`\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u6781\u4e3a\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a`awk'pattern{action}'\u6587\u4ef6`\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d`pattern`\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c`action`\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u540e\u9700\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5`grades.txt`\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u201c\u59d3\u540d\u6210\u7ee9\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528`awk`\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5168\u4f53\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5206\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

bash\n\u5728\u5904\u7406grades.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u5206\u6790\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u7ee9:\u201d\u540e\u8ddf\u968f\u7d2f\u79ef\u548c\u9664\u4ee5\u603b\u884c\u6570NR\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7`$2`\u6307\u4ee3\u6bcf\u884c\u6b21\u5e8f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u800c`sum`\u7528\u4f5c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c`NR`\u6807\u8bc6\u8bb0\u5f55\u603b\u6570linux\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c`END`\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u884c\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
2. awk\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/b><\/p>\n
`awk`\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u5353\u8d8a\u6027\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u51ed\u501f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u9501\u5b9a\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u884c\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u7ee9\u8d85\u8fc790\u5206\u7684\u5b66\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u8ff0\u6307\u4ee4\u4e88\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5728grades.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8d85\u8fc790\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u201c\u6210\u7ee9\u662f\u4f18\u79c0\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f`$2>90`\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6267\u884c`print`\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6210\u7ee9\u6570\u503c\u8d85\u51fa90\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
`awk`\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u5907\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec`&&`\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\uff09\u3001`||`\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u6216\uff09\u3001`!`\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u975e\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u7ec4\u5408linux\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u6210\u7ee9\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u636e\u6b64\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u6210\u7ee9\u4ecb\u4e8e80\u81f390\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n
3. awk\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<\/b><\/p>\n
`awk`\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u5305\u542b\u4f17\u591a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\uff0c`NF`\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6570\u91cf\uff0c`NR`\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c`FS`\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b57\u6bb5\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u9694\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c`OFS`\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u9694\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82e5\u9700\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5404\u5b57\u6bb5\u95f4\u5d4c\u5165\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u53ef\u5f15\u5165`OFS`\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0bawk\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9grades.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9017\u53f7\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c`BEGIN`\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u660e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u800c`OFS=\",\"`\u6307\u4ee4\u5219\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9017\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
4. awk\u7684\u6570\u7ec4<\/b><\/p>\n
`awk`\u5177\u5907\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\u529f\u80fdlinux\u547d\u4ee4chm\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8f7b\u677e\u5f00\u5c55\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8b6c\u5982linux\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u6210\u7ee9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1grades.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5404\u79d1\u76ee\u7684\u603b\u5206\uff1a`\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u79d1\u76ee\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u952e\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u6570\uff08\u503c\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u7d2f\u52a0\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u79d1\u76ee\u540d\u79f0\u53ca\u5176\u603b\u5206`\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c`total`\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u952e\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u6240\u5b58\u50a8\u503c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u603b\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7`for`\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u9010\u4e00\u5c55\u793a\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u603b\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
5. awk\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/b><\/p>\n
`awk`\u5de5\u5177\u5177\u5907\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec`if`\u3001`for`\u3001`while`\u7b49\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7`if`\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5bf9\u7b49\u7ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9grades.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u503c\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e90\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u201c\u4f18\u79c0\u201d\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1b\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u503c\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e80\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u201c\u826f\u597d\u201d\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u201c\u53ca\u683c\u201d\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7`if`\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u4f9d\u6210\u7ee9\u533a\u95f4\u6bb5\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
6. awk\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/b><\/p>\n
`awk`\u5de5\u5177\u5177\u5907\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u7e41\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6027\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
awk '<\/p>\n
function average(arr) {<\/p>\n
    sum = 0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
    for (i in arr) sum += arr[i]<\/p>\n
    return sum \/ length(arr)<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
{ grades[$1] = $2 }<\/p>\n
END{\u8f93\u51fa\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u7ee9:\u201d\u5e76\u8c03\u7528average\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97grades\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c}<\/p>\n
' grades.txt<\/p>\n
\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c`average`\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
7. awk\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/p>\n
`awk`\u5728\u804c\u573a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u501f\u52a9`awk`\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6574\u7406\u73af\u8282\uff0c`awk`\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5254\u9664\u6216\u66f4\u66ff\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u9762\uff0c`awk`\u5219\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5b58\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6`syslog.txt`\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7`awk`\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9891\u7387\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
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