| 导读 | Docker是一种容器化技术，它可以让你快速构建、测试和部署应用程序，并将其作为可移植、自给自足的容器，几乎可以在任何地方运行。Docker已经成为容器部署的事实标准，它是DevOps工程师及其持续集成和交付管道的必备工具。 |
实验环境
操作系统：Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
LAN IP ：192.168.3.22
Docker是现代软件开发和DevOps持续集成和部署管道中不可或缺的一部分,大部分公司都使用容器化技术，降低服务器成本。
安装必要的系统资源库
root@linuxcool:~# apt-get update root@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
安装GPG证书
root@linuxcool:~# curl -fsSL //mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -
Docker服务器在国外，如果使用docker.io来安装docker会非常慢，有时候还会超时断开导致无法安装成功；所以，我这里使用的是国内“西北农林科技大学网络与教育技术中心”镜像加速，国内还有很多镜像加速站点，比如：阿里云、腾讯云、网易、清华大学等，
更新系统并安装Docker-CE
root@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y update root@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y install docker-ce
通过以上安装的是docker最新版本，如果要安装docker，请继续阅读下文，
查找Docker-CE的版本
apt-cache madison docker-ce docker-ce | 5:19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.7~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.6~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.4~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.1~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.0~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.7~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.6~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.4~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.2~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.3~ce~3-0~ubuntu | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.2~ce~3-0~ubuntu | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.03.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | //mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
安装指定版本的Docker-CE，比如要安装19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic
root@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y install docker-ce=19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic
安装校验
root@linuxcool:~# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.8 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.17 Git commit: afacb8b7f0 Built: Wed Mar 11 01:25:46 2020 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.8 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.17 Git commit: afacb8b7f0 Built: Wed Mar 11 01:24:19 2020 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.13 GitCommit: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc10 GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683
配置镜像加速
创建daemon.json配置文件
root@linuxcool:~# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["//dockerhub.mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn/"]
}
默认daemon.json文件不存在，如果daemon.json文件不存在，自己创建
加载配置，重启docker服务
root@linuxcool:~# systemctl daemon-reload root@linuxcool:~# systemctl restart docker
验证镜像加速是否配置生效
root@linuxcool:~# docker info Client: Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 19.03.8 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem:Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd init version: fec3683 Security Options: apparmor seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 5.3.0-51-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 8 Total Memory: 15.64GiB Name: linuxcool ID: K252:G32L:GWWN:J5FE:3MFZ:2ITG:UE7Y:Y26F:QT3Q:2PLS:HCUX:PJYZ Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: //index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Registry Mirrors: //dockerhub.mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn/ Live Restore Enabled: false WARNING: No swap limit support
Registry Mirrors默认是docker.io，如果看到Registry Mirrors变//dockerhub.mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn说明配置已经生效。
docker服务管理
#自启服务 root@linuxcool:~# systemctl enable docker.service #服务状态 root@linuxcool:~# systemctl status docker.service #启动服务 root@linuxcool:~# systemctl start docker.service #重启服务 root@linuxcool:~# systemctl restart docker.service #停止服务 root@linuxcool:~# systemctl stop docker.service
拉取镜像
root@linuxcool:~# docker pull centos:8.1.1911 8.1.1911: Pulling from library/centos 8a29a15cefae: Pull complete Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:8.1.1911 docker.io/library/centos:8.1.1911
本文原创地址：//lrxjmw.cn/ubuntu-install-docker-ce.html编辑：向云艳，审核员：逄增宝
